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Saturday, September 29, 2012

Visual Basic



Visual Basic


A Brief History of Basic

Language developed in early 1960's at Dartmouth College:

B (Beginner's)
A (All-Purpose)
S (Symbolic)
I (Instruction)
C (Code)

·  Answer to complicated programming languages (FORTRAN, Algol, Cobol ...).
First timeshare language.

·  In the mid-1970's, two college students write first Basic for a microcomputer
(Altair) - cost $350 on cassette tape. You may have heard of them: Bill Gates
and Paul Allen!

·  Every Basic since then essentially based on that early version. Examples include:
GW-Basic, QBasic, QuickBasic.

·  Visual Basic was introduced in 1991.

So, have fun with Visual Basic........................



Thanks !!!


 

Autocad


Autocad





Autocad

AutoCAD is a software developed by AutoCAD way back in 1982 designed for Engineers, Architects and Designers. It is the flagship product of Autodesk and till date, there are not competitive products that can match AutoCAD.
AutoCAD History:
AutoCAD was developed from a program called Interact, which was written in a launguage called (SPL) by Michael Riddle. The first version ran on the Marinchip Systems 9900 computer (Marinchip Systems was owned by Autodesk co-founders John Walker and Dan Drake). Walker paid Riddle US$10 million for this CAD technology.
When Marinchip Software Partners (later known as Autodesk) formed, the co-founders decided to re-code Interact in C and PL/1. They chose C because it seemed to be the biggest upcoming language. The C version was the most complex programs in that language. Autodesk had to work with a compiler developer, Lattice, to update C, enabling AutoCAD to run. Early releases of AutoCAD used primitive entities such as lines, polylines, circles, arcs, and text — to construct more complex objects. Since the mid-1990s, AutoCAD supported custom objects through its C++ Application Programming Interface (API).
The modern AutoCAD includes a full set of basic solid modeling and 3D tools. The release ofAutoCAD 2007 included the improved 3D modeling that provided better navigation when working in 3D. Moreover, it became easier to edit 3D models. The mental ray engine was included in rendering and therefore it is possible to do quality renderings. AutoCAD 2010introduced parametric functionality and mesh modeling.

The latest AutoCAD releases are AutoCAD 2013 and AutoCAD 2013 for Mac. The release marked the 27th major release for the AutoCAD for Windows, and the third consecutive year for AutoCAD for Mac.
Official Name
Version
Release
Date of release
Comments
AutoCAD Version 1.0
1.0
1
1982, December
DWG R1.0 file format introduced.
AutoCAD Version 1.2
1.2
2
1983, April
DWG R1.2 file format introduced.
AutoCAD Version 1.3
1.3
3
1983, August
DWG R1.3 file format introduced.
AutoCAD Version 1.4
1.4
4
1983, October
DWG R1.4 file format introduced.
AutoCAD Version 2.0
2.0
5
1984, October
DWG R2.05 file format introduced.
AutoCAD Version 2.1
2.1
6
1985, May
DWG R2.1 file format introduced.
AutoCAD Version 2.5
2.5
7
1986, June
DWG R2.5 file format introduced.
AutoCAD Version 2.6
2.6
8
1987, April
DWG R2.6 file format introduced. Last version to run without a math co-processor.
AutoCAD Release 9
9.0
9
1987, September
DWG R9 file format introduced.
AutoCAD Release 10
10.0
10
1988, October
DWG R10 file format introduced.
AutoCAD Release 11
11.0
11
1990, October
DWG R11 file format introduced.
AutoCAD Release 12
12.0
12
1992, June
DWG R11/R12 file format introduced. Last release for Apple Macintosh till 2010.
AutoCAD Release 13
13.0
13
1994, November
DWG R13 file format introduced. Last release for Unix, MS-DOS and Windows 3.11.
AutoCAD Release 14
14.0
14
1997, February
DWG R14 file format introduced.
AutoCAD 2000
15.0
15
1999, March
DWG 2000 file format introduced.
AutoCAD 2000i
15.1
16
2000, July

AutoCAD 2002
15.6
17
2001, June

AutoCAD 2004
16.0
18
2003, March
DWG 2004 file format introduced.
AutoCAD 2005
16.1
19
2004, March

AutoCAD 2006
16.2
20
2005, March

AutoCAD 2007
17.0
21
2006, March
DWG 2007 file format introduced.
AutoCAD 2008
17.1
22
2007, March
Annotative Objects introduced. First release for the x86-64 versions of Windows XP and Vista.
AutoCAD 2009
17.2
23
2008, March
Revisions to the user interface including the option of a Microsoft Office 2007-like tabbed ribbon.
AutoCAD 2010
18.0
24
2009, March 24
DWG 2010 file format introduced. Parametrics introduced. Mesh 3D solid modeling introduced. Both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of AutoCAD 2010 and AutoCAD LT 2010 are compatible with and supported under Microsoft Windows 7.
AutoCAD 2011
18.1
25
2010, March 25
Surface Modeling, Surface Analysis and Object Transparency introduced. October 15, 2010[6] AutoCAD 2011 for Mac was released. Are compatible with and supported under Microsoft Windows 7
AutoCAD 2012
18.2
26
2011, March 22
Associative Array, Model Documentation
AutoCAD 2013
18.2
26
2012, March
Associative Array, Model Documentation

 So, have fun with Autocad.....................

Thanks !!!

XML


XML




XML 1.0 is a 'Recommendation' of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Perhaps the most important web organisation, the W3C was founded in October 1994 "to lead the World Wide Web to its full potential by developing common protocols that promote its evaluation and ensure its interoperability" (W3C). An example of one of these protocols is HyperText Markup Language (HTML). It is this simple markup language that is the basis of web-publishing, and its success is synonymous with the Web itself. The creator of HTML, Tim Berners-Lee, known by many as 'the father of the Web', is the Director of this consortium. Given that HTML (in all its versions from 1.0 to 4.0) is a W3C Recommendation, one has a good idea of the importance of what the Consortium chooses to recommend. The W3C is as close to a governing body of the Web as one gets. When it talks, people listen.
The reason for the clout of this body becomes clear as soon as one takes a look at the list of its 'member organisations'. Big-name companies such as Microsoft, Netscape, Sun Microsystems, IBM, and Adobe all belong, as well as a whole host of internet-related organisations. Any company can join. They need only pay a fee to obtain membership and then they can take part in the creation of new standards. The remarkable feat of the W3C is that brings competing organisations together (Microsoft and Netscape being the obvious pair) in order to bring about industry-wide progress. Tim Bray (one of the editors of the XML specification) tells us, in Lourier & Bray, that "the premise [of the W3C] is you lock the key engineers in a room and you don't let them come out until they have agreement."
The forum for such discussions are the Working Groups, where initial ideas will be brought up. A successful idea will be formulated into a working draft, which is then submitted to the Director (Berners-Lee). If he considers the idea worthy he will declare it a 'Proposed Recommendation' and it is then forwarded to all member-organisations who then vote as to whether it should become an official Recommendation. They can register the following votes: unqualified approval, approval with comments, disapproval unless specified changes are made, or categorical disapproval. After votes have been cast, the idea may become an official Recommendation, become a working draft again, or be abandoned. In practice this process, and with it the refinement of a document, can take a great deal of time. So, have fun with XML.....................

Thanks !!!

Friday, September 28, 2012

PHP


PHP


PHP succeeds an older product, named PHP/FI. PHP/FI was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995, initially as a simple set of Perl scripts for tracking accesses to his online resume. He named this set of scripts 'Personal Home Page Tools'. As more functionality was required, Rasmus wrote a much larger C implementation, which was able to communicate with databases, and enabled users to develop simple dynamic Web applications. Rasmus chose to release the source code for PHP/FI for everybody to see, so that anybody can use it, as well as fix bugs in it and improve the code.
PHP/FI, which stood for Personal Home Page / Forms Interpreter, included some of the basic functionality of PHP as we know it today. It had Perl-like variables, automatic interpretation of form variables and HTML embedded syntax. The syntax itself was similar to that of Perl, albeit much more limited, simple, and somewhat inconsistent.
By 1997, PHP/FI 2.0, the second write-up of the C implementation, had a cult of several thousand users around the world (estimated), with approximately 50,000 domains reporting as having it installed, accounting for about 1% of the domains on the Internet. While there were several people contributing bits of code to this project, it was still at large a one-man project.

Thanks !!!

Flash


Flash



Macromedia started out in San Francisco, California as a North American web development and graphics software house which has produced such great and innovative products as Macromedia Flash. The line of Macromedia products is still alive and kicking, only it has been acquired by Adobe Systems Incorporated, which is a former rival. It was acquired on December 3rd 2005. 
The history of Macromedia spans back nearly 20 years. It was formed through a merger of MacroMind-Paracomp and Authorware Inc. in 1992. Authorware Inc. was the maker of Authorware, and MacroMind-Paracomp were the makers of the Macromind Director. The first product after the merger was simply known as Director, which was an interactive multimedia creating tool that was widely used to create information kiosks and CD-ROMs. This software would be Macromedia’s number one product up until the mid 1990’s. Eventually the CD-ROM market began to decline steadily, and the Internet became increasingly popular. 
Once the World Wide Web had become number one, macromedia released Shockwave software, which was made for web browsers as a Director viewer plug-in. However, the company also decided that it should expand its market by creating and offering web-native media tools. This was a great move and helped to shape the World Wide Web as we know it today, however it could not save the company from being acquired by its rivals.
In 1995, Macromedia made its first acquisition, taking over Altsys for their intellectual property. In particular, the company was after FreeHand software, which was a vector drawing and page layout program that was very similar to Adobe Systems Inc’s Adobe Illustrator. The software components and vector graphics rendering engine that was contained within FreeHand proved to be very useful to Macromedia in the development of their technologies in support of their web strategies. In an effort to further jumpstart its web strategies, Macromedia made two more acquisitions.
First came the makers of FurtureSplash Animator, which was an animation tool that was originally created for pen-based computers and computing devices. This company was known as FutureWave Software. This company was acquired because its program was particularly suited for download over the World Wide Web because of its small file size. This was at a time when most internet users had a very slow connection and would not wait long enough to download larger programs. Following Netscape’s lead, Macromedia renamed this FutureSplash Animator as Macromedia Flash, and that is what most of us remember today. It then distributed the new Flash Player as a free web browser plug–in, in order to easily and rapidly spread the software, gaining market share. In 2005, more consumer computers had Macromedia Flash installed than any other internet media format, including QuickTime, Java, Windows Media Player and RealNetworks. As the programs matured, the focus was shifted from marketing the software as a media and graphics tool to promoting it as an actual web application platform.So,have fun with Flash...................

Thanks !!!

Thursday, September 27, 2012

Dreamweaver


Dreamweaver



 
Dreamweaver was originally an American web-graphics and website development software house. It worked independently  from 1992 to 2005. It had its headquarters in San Francisco, California. This software house produced a variety of products such as Dreamweaver and Flash. Later on in the year 2005 in December, the opponent company Adobe Systems, took the charge of Macromedia. So,have fun with Dreamweaver.........................


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Illustrator

Illustrator


 
Illustrator is now under Adobe Co. Before 1966 the few trained or experienced scientific illustrators working in the United States had little or no contact with one another, even at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, where there was a concentration of scientific illustrators. Each stayed in a corner of the National Museum of Natural History, often not knowing other illustrators in the same building. This situation still exists in some other museums. Carolyn Bartlett Gast, Smithsonian scientific illustrator for both Departments of Vertebrate and Invertebrate Zoology at the time, decided to remedy the situation. She organized a series of luncheons featuring speakers on topics relevant to scientific illustration such as printing or exhibits preparation. Elaine R. Snyder Hodges, then a contract illustrator of crustacea, typed and distributed notices of the meetings to the twenty or so scientific and medical illustrators that could be found in the Washington, DC area. More and more illustrators heard about and attended the luncheons. A need had been identified.

Carolyn had been interested in the medieval development of Guilds for professions and suggested that a Guild be established for scientific illustration. On September 17, 1968, a meeting of illustrators was held to discuss such an organization. Lawrence B. Isham, scientific illustrator for the Smithsonian Department of Paleobiology, agreed to write a first draft of a Constitution. The Guild of Natural Science Illustrators was born on December 2, 1968, following the adoption of the document (with changes made by a committee composed of Jack R. Schroeder, Carolyn Gast, Naida Page, Marsha E. Jessup, Peter Stone, Art Cushman, and Larry Isham). There were twenty-one charter members.

Monthly meetings with featured speakers began at 5:30 p.m. on Tuesdays at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. First officers were President: Larry Isham; Vice President: Elsie Herbold Froeschner (Smithsonian Department of Entomology); Treasurer: Peter Stone (Georgetown University Medical School); Recording Secretary: Naida Page (Howard University Medical School); Corresponding Secretary: Elaine Hodges (South East Asia Mosquito Project, Walter Reed and Smithsonian); and Executive Committee (now the Board of Directors): Arthur Cushman (USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory), Carolyn Gast (Smithsonian Department of Invertebrate Zoology), and Jack Schroeder (freelance scientific illustrator, Chestertown, MD). Thelma Ford Smith was the first historian. Carolyn set up the Guild's post office box at Ben Franklin Station, Washington, DC, 20044. Dues were $5.00 per year. Membership burgeoned by word of mouth from the original twenty-one members in Washington, DC, to over 1,100 members in fifteen countries around the world by our anniversary in 1993.

Threaded through the history of the Guild has been the support of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Meeting space has been generously provided. In September, 1969, the Museum helped host the first exhibit of scientific illustration, providing a room for technique demonstrations, and a reception. Since then several exhibits of scientific illustration have been held at the Museum, including two permanent exhibits installed in 1988 and 1996. In June of 1986 the Smithsonian co-hosted the Guild's annual meeting with George Washington University and again in 1996.So,have fun with Illustrator..........................

Thanks !!!

Photoshop


Photoshop






Everyone has heard of the popular graphics editing software package Photoshop - a world-wide leader among raster graphics editing applications. In this article I will cover the major points of the whole history of Photoshop creation: significant dates, releases, basic improvements, and some additional tips.
Photoshop was developed and distributed by the Adobe Photoshop company. At the very beginning it was intended for editing images for print, but it has also gained popularity as a tool for creation and editing web graphics. This is another reason that it has become so popular. The last Photoshop versions also include the special application - ImageReady, which was added specifically for work with web graphics easier.
This story begins in 1987 when 2 brothers, Thomas Knoll and John Knoll started developing Photoshop. In 1989 they completed the project and called it Photoshop 1.0. Adobe became interested in this project and the first version of Photoshop was released in 1990. It was about 1.4 Mb, and could be placed on a single floppy-disk. Initially Photoshop was created for the Macintosh platform. Compatibility updates for Windows, IRIX, and Solaris was added later. At present Photoshop can be used on Windows and Macintosh platforms.
Photoshop was a real success, and in 1991 they released... Well, everything in its turn.(Now photoshop is the certified project of Adobe Co.)


Thanks !!!

Wednesday, September 26, 2012

HTML


HTML


Learn about HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language) for developing website easily. I am now telling about HTML:

It was around 1992, when the World Wide Web was still something most people had never heard about. A new browser called Netscape 1.0 had come out and I started studying for a Ph.D. in Communications at a large university in Ohio. During the first couple of weeks of the semester, everyone wanted to get hooked up to the school's Internet server so they could send email around. I was the first to successfully attach. It was more dumb luck than skill. Of course, that also meant I was the first to be called when someone else couldn't seem to make their connection. After helping three or four people, somehow I was given the moniker of Computer Wizard. It was a totally groundless title, but one I wasn't willing to give up by telling the truth. Word spread to the computer science department of this great computer guru housed within the Communications building. They needed someone to teach a section of basic computers. I nervously accepted. Luckily it was getting to be Christmas break which meant a month's free time. I had to teach myself the computer. I traded a guy the use of his computer for a month in exchange for taking care of his cats. When I got started, however, I found I did have a knack for these fancy thinkin' boxes. I began to become consumed by what they could do. When school started again, the Webmaster asked if I wanted some World Wide Web space on their server. At this stage in my computer learning curve, he might as well have been speaking Lebanese. But it was free. I took it. My home page was created that afternoon. I began asking anyone that seemed to have any form of computer knowledge how to go about making a Web page. Very few were willing to offer any help. It seemed that if I was going to learn this HTML language that I was going to have to teach myself.
My first and only home page to this point existed only on a computer disc. It had clean lines and looked good. Later in the same day the page was finished, I got into a conversation with the head of the computer department who asked what I had been up to lately. I showed her my page. She asked if I would be willing to teach the HTML summer class.
Sure. Once again, I had accepted a position I was completely unqualified to perform. I started looking at the source codes of World Wide Web pages, collecting, categorizing, and sub-categorizing the commands and what they did. There wasn't a chance on God's green earth I was going to remember all this, so I wrote seven tutorials covering seven basic HTML areas. The purpose was to help me remember the required commands while lecturing.
I also collected a handful of images that all looked like little pieces of candy, what my father use to call "goodies." The name stuck. The first "HTML Goodies" page went up in June of 1994. I figured it couldn't hurt to register the tutorials with Webcrawler and Yahoo. I had a hard enough time learning this myself. If I could make someone else's life a little easier, all the better. A month went by and I received a letter from the Webmaster who had offered me the space in the first place. He was yelling, as much as one can yell in an email letter, that so many people were using my site that it was putting a strain on the server. It seemed that I had built the better mousetrap. People were coming in droves.
The email poured in. People wrote long, emotion-filled, thank you letters telling me they were happy to have found a site that showed them HTML in a language they could understand. No one had yet taken the time to explain the language in simple English, let alone offer it on the World Wide Web. Others wrote with questions. I started answering them. Within three months of posting the pages, I was answering 20 questions a day and servicing some 50,000 people a month. And they keep coming.
In November of 1996, the domain name htmlgoodies.com was born. And in 2001, I sold the site to Jupitermedia's internet.com, where it remains today.
HTML Goodies now sports over 700 tutorials and services over a million people a month. The first HTML Goodies book was the culmination of four years of research, hard work, and an untold number of questions from readers.


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C plus plus



C++


C++ is a very popular programming language in the world.
The C++ Programming Language is basically an extension of the C Programming Language. The C Programming language was developed from 1969-1973 at Bell labs, at the same time the UNIX operating system was being developed there. C was a direct descendant of the language B, which was developed by Ken Thompson as a systems programming language for the fledgling UNIX operating system. B, in turn, descended from the language BCPL which was designed in the 1960s by Martin Richards while at MIT. In 1971 Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs extended the B language (by adding types) into what he called NB, for “New B”. Ritchie credits some of his changes to language constructs found in Algol68, although he states “although it [the type scheme], perhaps, did not emerge in a form that Algol’s adherents would approve of” After restructuring the language and rewriting the compiler for B, Ritchie gave his new language a name: “C”.
In 1983, with various versions of C floating around the computer world, ANSI established a committee that eventually published a standard for C in 1989.
In 1983 Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs created C++. C++ was designed for the UNIX system environment, it represents an enhancement of the C programming language and enables programmers to improve the quality of code produced, thus making reusable code easier to write.

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Some E-books For Download

Teach Yourself C++ in 21 days

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Thinking in C++

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Thinking in C++; 2nd Edition

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